Corticobasal degeneration (corticobasal syndrome) is a rare and progressive brain disorder that affects both movement and thinking. It occurs when brain cells in certain areas – especially those that control movement, coordination, and higher-level functions – begin to break down over time.
The condition often leads to stiffness, slowness, trouble with coordination, and sometimes difficulties with speech or memory. Because symptoms can vary widely and overlap with other conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s, corticobasal degeneration can be challenging to diagnose.
What causes corticobasal degeneration
Corticobasal degeneration is caused by an abnormal buildup of a protein called tau in the brain. Tau is normally involved in maintaining healthy brain cells, but in corticobasal degeneration, it clumps together and damages the cells instead. This buildup affects regions of the brain responsible for movement and cognition.
In most cases, the cause of this abnormal protein accumulation is not known. Corticobasal degeneration is rarely inherited, and there are no clear environmental risk factors.
Common symptoms
Corticobasal degeneration symptoms usually begin on one side of the body and may gradually spread to the other. Early signs can be subtle, but as the condition progresses, a combination of movement and cognitive changes often appears. Symptoms may include:
- Muscle stiffness or rigidity
- Slowed movements or difficulty initiating movement
- Tremors or muscle jerks (myoclonus)
- Problems with balance or walking
- Difficulty using one hand or limb
- Loss of feeling in a certain part of the body
- Difficulty with speech or finding the right words
- Trouble planning, problem-solving, or focusing
- Changes in mood, such as apathy or irritability
- Memory loss or confusion
Because these symptoms develop gradually, many people are initially diagnosed with another neurological condition before corticobasal degeneration is confirmed. It is important to see a qualified dementia-experienced health professional to get an accurate diagnosis.
How corticobasal degeneration is diagnosed and treated
There’s no single test that can definitively diagnose corticobasal degeneration during life. A neurologist will typically conduct a comprehensive evaluation, which may include a detailed neurological examination, brain imaging (MRI or PET scans), blood tests, cognitive testing to assess memory and thinking, and a review of medical history and symptoms over time.
While there is no cure for corticobasal degeneration yet, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maintaining quality of life. Care may include:
- Medications, such as those used in Parkinson’s disease, may temporarily help with stiffness or tremor
- Cholinesterase inhibitors (such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) may be prescribed to help with memory issues
- Physical and occupational therapy can support movement, balance, and daily activities
- Speech therapy can help with communication and swallowing difficulties
Because the disease affects both movement and cognition, a multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, therapists, and other specialists is often the most effective.
Support for families and caregivers
Living with corticobasal degeneration can be challenging, not only for the individual but also for their loved ones. As symptoms progress, daily tasks often become more difficult, and emotional or behavioral changes can add strain to relationships.
Support can make a significant difference. Caregivers may benefit from:
- Education about the disease and its progression
- Guidance from physical, occupational, and speech therapists
- Counseling or caregiver support groups to manage stress and isolation
- Assistance with long-term care planning and respite services
At Isaac Health, we understand the complex needs of families facing rare neurodegenerative conditions like corticobasal degeneration. Our care team provides compassionate, specialized support to help patients and caregivers navigate each stage of the journey.
If you or someone you care for is showing symptoms such as unexplained stiffness, trouble with coordination, or language changes, consider consulting a neurologist. Early evaluation and coordinated care can help improve comfort and maintain independence for as long as possible.