Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is a progressive neurological condition that impacts thinking, movement, and behavior. It is caused by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, also known as Lewy bodies, within brain cells. These deposits disrupt the brain’s typical functioning and can lead to a decline in cognitive abilities.
While LBD is less commonly known than Alzheimer’s disease, it is the second most common type of progressive dementia after Alzheimer’s.
Common symptoms of LBD
The symptoms of LBD can vary widely among individuals but often include:
- Fluctuations in attention and alertness, memory loss, and difficulties with problem-solving and planning.
- Muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), tremors, and a shuffling walk.
- Seeing things that aren’t present (visual hallucinations) or sensing something that isn’t present (hallucinations of presence).
- Episodes of rage or mood changes.
- Decreasing sense of smell and taste.
- Problems with blood pressure regulation, temperature control, and bladder function.
- Extreme sleep movements, or REM sleep behavior disorder.
- Depression, apathy, or a loss of motivation.
These symptoms can be challenging to manage and may fluctuate in severity, making diagnosis and treatment a different process for each individual. Persons living with Lewy body dementia often have similar symptoms to those living with Parkinson’s disease.
If you or a loved one notice these symptoms, or experience worsening of symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. Early evaluation can help identify the cause and guide treatment to improve quality of life.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of LBD is not fully understood by scientists, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The primary pathological feature of LBD is the presence of Lewy bodies—abnormal clumps of a protein called alpha-synuclein—in brain cells. This protein is also associated with Parkinson’s disease. These clumps disrupt the functioning of neurons and lead to the symptoms associated with the disease.
Risk factors for LBD include:
- Age: The risk increases with age, typically affecting individuals over 60.
- Gender: Men are more likely to develop LBD than women.
- Family History: A family history of LBD or related disorders may increase risk.
While these factors can increase the likelihood of developing LBD, they do not guarantee its onset.
Separately, persons with Parkinson’s disease are at higher risk of developing a different but related form of dementia called Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD).
Diagnosis and treatment of LBD
Diagnosing LBD involves a comprehensive evaluation, including an overview of medical history, neurological and cognitive tests, brain imaging (e.g., MRI), and, in some cases, sleep studies. There is currently no cure for LBD, but treatments focused on managing symptoms can improve quality of life.
Early diagnosis allows for timely interventions and personalized care planning. Treatment may include medications, as well as speech, occupational, and physical therapies to support daily functioning and independence.
Living with LBD presents unique challenges, but with appropriate support and symptom management, individuals can maintain a good quality of life. While LBD changes many aspects of life for both individuals and families, it does not mean a joyful, meaningful life is no longer possible.
Consulting a healthcare provider and receiving personalized treatment enables individuals and families to navigate the disease while continuing to engage in activities they enjoy, maintain relationships, and live life to the fullest.